| ADB |
Asian Development Bank |
| AF |
Asia Foundation |
| AFN |
Asia Forest Network |
| AIT |
Asian Institute of Technology |
| AKF |
Aga Khan Foundation |
| ANSAB |
Asia Network for Sustainable Agriculture & Bioresources |
| ANU |
Australian National University |
| APFC |
Asia Pacific Forestry Commission |
| ARCBC |
Asean Regional Center for Biodiversity Conservation |
| ASEAN |
Association of South East Asian Nations |
| CADC |
Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claim |
| CBFM |
Community-Based Forest Management |
| CES |
Centre for Ecological Science (India) |
| CFI |
Community Forestry International |
| CFM |
Community Forest Management |
| CFWG |
Cambodia Community Forestry Working Group |
| CIA |
Cultural Impact Assessment |
| CIFM |
Community Involvement in Forest Management |
| CIFOR |
Centre for International Forestry Research |
| CMU |
Chiang Mai University |
| DANIDA |
Danish International Development Agency |
| DENR |
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (Philippines) |
| DFID |
Department for International Development (UK) |
| DFW |
Department of Forestry and Wildlife (Cambodia) |
| EDI |
Environmental Development Institute |
| EIA |
Environmental Impact Asssessment |
| ESSC |
Environmental Science for Social Change |
| EU |
European Union |
| EWC |
East-West Center |
| FAO |
Food and Agricultural Organization |
| FF |
Ford Foundation |
| FFI |
Fauna & Flora International |
| FIPI |
Forest Inventory and Planning Institute |
| FKKM |
Forum Komunikasi Kehutanan Masyarakat |
| FPE |
Foundation for the Philippine Environment |
| GIS |
Geographic Information System |
| GMU |
Gadjah Mada University |
| GPS |
Global Positioning System |
| GTZ |
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammerarbeit |
| IAPAD |
Integrated Approaches to Participatory Development |
| ICLARM |
International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management |
| ICRAF |
International Center for Agroforestry Research |
| IDRC |
International Development Research Center |
| IFF |
Intergovernmental Forum on Forests |
| IGES |
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies |
| IIFM |
Indian Institute of Forest Management |
| IIS |
Indian Institute of Science |
| IPF |
Intergovernmental Panel on Forests |
| IUCN |
International Union for the Conservation of Nature |
| JFM |
Joint Forest Management |
| JVC |
Japan International Volunteer Center |
| LATIN |
Lembaga Alam Tropika Indonesia |
| LEI |
Lembaga Ekololabel Indonesia |
| LRC |
Legal Rights and Natural Resources Center |
| MAFF |
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry (Cambodia) |
| MARD |
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Viet Nam) |
| MCC |
Mennonite Central Committee |
| MOAC |
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (Thailand) |
| MOEF |
Ministry of Environment and Forests (India) |
| MRC |
Mekong River Commission |
| NGO |
Non-Governmental Organization |
| NTFP |
Non-Timber Forest Product |
| NWG-CFM |
National Working Group on Community Forestry Management (Viet Nam) |
| OFI |
Oxford Forestry Institute |
| PA |
Protected Area |
| PO |
People's Organization |
| PWG |
Philippine Working Group |
| RECOFTC |
Regional Community Forestry Training Centre for Asia and the Pacific |
| RFD |
Royal Forestry Department (Thailand) |
| RNRMAN |
Ratanakiri Community Natural Resource Management Advocacy Network |
| RUPAFOR |
Rural Populations and Forest Resources |
| SIDA |
Swedish International Development Agency |
| SMRP |
Sustainable Management of Resources in the Lower Mekong Basin Project |
| SPWD |
Society for the Promotion of Wastelands Development |
| SRMP |
Sustainable Resources Management Project |
| TERI |
Tata Energy Research Institute |
| TNC |
Trans-National Corporations |
| UN |
United Nations |
| UNDP |
United Nations Development Programme |
| UNV |
United Nations Volunteers |
| UPLB |
University of the Philippines - Los Banos |
| USAID |
United States Agency for International Development |
| USDA |
US Department of Agriculture |
| WB |
World Bank |
| WCFSD |
World Commission on Forests and Sustainable Development |
| WFC |
World Fish Center (formerly ICLARM) |
| WG-CIFM |
Working Group on Community Involvement on Forest Management (IUCN) |
| WWF |
World Wide Fund for Nature |
| agroforestry |
interplanting of farm crops and trees |
| arboreal |
tree-dwelling |
| arboretum |
place where trees and shrubs are grown for study and display |
| aseasonal |
without clear seasons |
| biodiversity |
richness of plant and animal species and in ecosystem complexity |
| biomass |
amount of living matter in a defined area |
| bund |
earthen embankment constructed to retain water |
| canopy |
whole of a forest from the ground upwards, some scientists
use canopy to mean just the top of the forest |
| catchment |
river basin, sometimes referring only to its upper part |
| clear felling |
complete clearance of a forest as opposed to selective fellings |
| climax |
final stage in the natural succession reached by a community of
organisms especially plants in equilibrium with existing environmental conditions |
| closed canopy |
canopy which is effectively complete rather than consisting of scattered trees; in practice canopy cover of 40% or more |
| cloud forest |
forest that is constantly covered by clouds (high-altitude forest) |
| cogon |
agressive stoloniferous creeping grass which forms fire
climax vegetation after forest destruction |
| dipterocarp |
member of the Dipterocarpacae a family of old-world
tropical trees valuable for timber and resin |
| ecosystem |
natural unit consisting of organisms and their environment |
| endemic |
native or confined to a particular area |
| escarpment |
long cliff or slope separating two more or less level slopes,
resulting from erosion or faults |
| fauna |
wild animal life in a particular area or time |
| felling cycle |
time period between successive forest harvests |
| fire climax |
regions of plant life e.g. forests, grassland, where fire plays an important role in suppressing some plants and encouraging the growth of others |
| flora |
wild plant life in a particular area or time |
| floristics |
plant species composition of an ecosystem |
| forest corridors |
strips or belts of forest running through forested land
joining larger forest blocks |
| forest-dependent people |
rural people who use forests for domestic purposes
and as an integral part of their farming system |
| hardwood |
wood of a flowering plant technically recognized by its possession
(with rare exceptions) of vessels, hardwoods range form hard
and dense (e.g. Lignum vitae) to soft (e.g. balsa) |
| hectare |
metric unit of area measurement equal to 2.47 acres |
| Maleasia |
phytogeographical region that stretches from south peninsular Thailand throughout the Malay archipelago to northwest New Guinea |
| mangrove |
forests that grow in shallow water near the shore,
they have spidery roots that hold sediments in place while providing
and important habitat for fish |
| mast fruiting |
seasonal accumulation of fruit or nuts on the forest floor |
| monoculture |
cultivation of a single crop |
| monsoon forest |
closed canopy forest in seasonal tropical climates |
| montane forest |
forest that grows in mountainous areas |
| natural regeneration |
processes through which all vegetative constituents of a forest
ecosystem renew themselves after disturbances, with or without
outside manipulations |
| old-growth forest |
see PRISTINE FOREST |
| outsiders |
term used by communities to describe people that are not part of their geographical or cultural group |
| perhumid |
permanently humid climate with no dry season |
| primary forest |
see PRISTINE FOREST |
| pristine forest |
forest in a primary, virgin or undisturbed state |
| production forest |
forest designated for the production of goods, usually timber |
| rain forest |
closed canopy forest in aseasonal climate; may be found in tropical and temperate latitudes |
| rattan |
climbing palm of the sub family Calamoideae of great
economic importance in Southeast Asia |
| refugium |
region where biological communities have remained relatively
undisturbed over long periods |
| residual stand |
number of trees left standing after logging |
| riparian |
land bordering water |
| rotation |
length of time needed for a stand of commercial timber trees
to reach a suitable felling size |
| sawlogs |
logs which are to be sawn lengthwise for the manufacture of sawn wood |
| secondary forest |
forest containing fast-growing trees which flourish after disturbance |
| shifting cultivation |
system of agriculture that depends on clearing and burning an area of forest for farming over a temporary period |
| silviculture |
cultivation and management of forests and woodland |
| slash and burn |
see SHIFTING CULTIVATION |
| storey |
layer or stratum of a forest |
| swamp forest |
forest that exists in areas with water-saturated soils |
| swidden agriculture |
shifting agriculture carried out in the traditional sustainable way
i.e. with periods of fallow to restore soil fertility |
| ungulate |
hoofed mammal |
| usufruct |
legal right to use and enjoy the benefits and profits of something
belonging to another |
| virgin forest |
see PRISTINE FOREST |
| woodland |
woody vegetation formations with scattered trees generally
with less than 40% crown cover, also known as open forests |
> INDONESIA < |
| adat |
ancestral |
| alang-alang |
wild grass (Imperata cylindrica) |
| banjir kap |
intense manual logging system |
| damar |
resin |
| Dayak |
indigenous group |
| desa dinas |
administrative village |
| empla neumeu |
premature forest |
| eulang neumeu |
rejuvenated forest |
| gahru |
aromatic wood used incense (Aquilaria sp.) |
| hak ulayat |
customary law |
| hantu |
one-eyed ghost |
| hetan que |
rattan garden |
| hutan bengkar |
primary forest |
| kancil |
dwarf deer |
| kapur |
type of hardwood tree |
| kayu putih |
honey tree (hardwood) |
| kayu ulin |
ironwood |
| kebun |
tree garden |
| keledung |
natural or boundary forest |
| keletong |
primary forest |
| kepala padang |
chief of the fields |
| ketinting |
small canoe |
| ketua suku |
community chief |
| kurat batang muda |
young secondary forest |
| kurat batang tuha |
old secondary forest |
| kurat tuha |
scrub conditions |
| kurat uraq |
scrub growth |
| Kutai |
indigenous group |
| ladang |
open swidden field |
| lati |
protection forest |
| meranti |
type of hardwood tree (Shorea spp.) |
| nukun tetangga |
local government officer |
| pahtar |
exclusive buyer |
| parang |
machete |
| pekarangan |
home garden |
| pendas |
rattan variety |
| petku meu |
community meeting |
| sega |
rattan variety |
| sirap |
shingles from ironwood |
| tumbak |
spear |
| wei biyuang |
lower grade rattan |
| wei sega |
small-diameter rattan |
> PHILIPPINES < |
| abaca |
banana hemp |
| alimuran |
rattan species (Calamus ornatus var. Phil. Becc) |
| aroroq |
small-diameter rattan (Dumagat) |
| bai |
female elder |
| barangay |
township, administrative village |
| barrio |
multi-village governance body |
| cogon |
wild grass (Imperata cylindrica) |
| datu |
clan leader |
| Dumagat |
indigenous group |
| kaamulan |
traditional ritual gathering |
| kaingin |
shifting cultivation |
| kamuyot |
traditional cloth |
| molave |
type of hardwood tree (Vitex parviflora) |
| palasan |
rattan species (Calamus merrilli Becc.) |
| tumalen |
large-diameter rattan (Dumagat) |
> THAILAND < |
| apamu |
spirit forest |
| hua na yom ban |
residential cluster chief |
| joy |
1 joy = 1.6 kg |
| kamnan |
tambon council leader |
| lamut |
plum tree |
| moung fai |
water management organization |
| muang fi |
water user association |
| muban |
village community |
| puyaiban |
village leader |
| rai |
6 rai = 1 ha. |
| tambon |
multi-village governance body |
| yom ban |
residential cluster |
> VIET NAM < |
| bach xanh |
type of rare plant (Calocedrus macrolepis) |
| chan de |
old-growth evergreen forest |
| chi can zu |
regenerating fallow field |
| chi phu |
young regenerating forest |
| chia cho plei |
upland dry rice |
| chia cho po-chu |
upland maize field |
| chia cho zing |
ridgetop opium field |
| doi moi |
renovation |
| Dzao |
indigenous group |
| fa |
fold-out mattress |
| hasong |
bamboo forest |
| hay ko |
cassava or dry upland field |
| hay mac |
dry upland orchard |
| H'Mong |
indigenous group |
| huyen |
district headquarters |
| Khmer |
indigenous group |
| Kinh |
indigenous group |
| lat hoa |
type of rare plant (Chukrasia tabularis) |
| na |
paddy |
| pa |
bamboo forest |
| pa dong |
old-growth forest |
| pa kai |
secondary forest |
| pa lou |
fallow dryland field |
| phieng |
flat or open |
| phieng na noi |
rainfed paddy |
| phieng na tat |
lowland irrigated paddy |
| phieng quai |
pastureland |
| phieng thuong |
rainfed paddy |
| quzon |
medicinal tuber |
| Tai |
indigenous group |
| xompa |
forest protector |
